• Category Archives Humanities
  • Logicomix

    Samhain                           Waning Wolf Moon

    Sigh.  The Vikings.  Going to the Cardinals for a big game has proved unhappy for us.  Again.  I don’t even know the final score because I turned it off with 6 minutes to go.  Not a pretty sight.

    Logicomix is a great read.  If you love philosophy and logic.  Which I do.  I had forgotten my passionate affair with logic until reading this graphic novel.  In my freshman year of college I took Symbolic Logic from Professor Larry Hackestaffe, most famous for wandering the main yard of Wabash College with a six-pack of Budweiser fastened to his belt through one of the plastic can holders.

    This was logic in the formal sense with proofs and theorems, logical symbols and head breaking chains of reasoning.  This was my second semester in college.  The first had been tough because German and I did not see eye to eye and I dropped it to avoid failing.  After my valedictory year at Alexandria-Monroe High School, that defeat stung.  The grammar and writing guy was also not impressed with my work, giving me a C for the first term.

    Symbolic Logic came along because philosophy was what had been missing in my life up till then, intellectual rigor, unafraid, thought seeking understanding at the most basic, essential levels, colorful characters like Heraclitus, Socrates, Aristotle, William of Occam bursting upon the stage, contradicting each other, going one step further or pulling others one step back.  God, it was exciting.  That was the first semester at Wabash, the same semester as Freshman English and German.

    In history and philosophy I did outstanding work, so I dove into them the next semester with a second course in the history of philosophy and the course in Symbolic Logic.  It was hell at first.  The kind of intellectual rigor required for logical reasoning can bring on headaches.  The night before the mid-term I stayed in the library past midnight, my book open, pencil working out proofs, scratching out false starts, feeling dismayed.  It was German all over again.  I didn’t get it, wouldn’t get it.  This was impossible stuff.

    I do not remember the problem, but I do remember the moment when, like a lightning bolt, it came to me.  Like Moses parting the Red Sea, the path to logical clarity opened up.   I did very well in that course and learned something about persisting in an academic area that at first seemed impenetrable.  Intuition was a part of my learning style.


  • AncientTrails Visits All Continents

    Samhain                                         Waning Wolf Moon

    “Just as the wave cannot exist for itself, but is ever a part of the heaving surface of the ocean, so must I never live my life for itself, but always in the experience which is going on around me. It is an uncomfortable doctrine which the true ethics whisper into my ear. You are happy, they say; therefore you are called upon to give much.” – Albert Schweitzer

    Schweitzer was a theologian with unusual views and a favorite of my Mom and Dad.   His “reverence for life” played an important part in their thinking about politics and the world.  Though I’ve never considered it before, I imagine his perspective had a role in shaping mine, too.  Reverence for life was a pre-abortion hoo-ha concept and not meant to be part of that debate.

    Just reviewed Google Analytics for AncienTrails.  Thanks to the wonder of the internet (and google) this website has received visits from all 7 continents and 46 of the 50 states in the last month.  Only Nevada, North Dakota, Delaware and Connecticut recorded no hits from November 7th to December 5th.  I find this very strange, perhaps unexplainable, but somehow pleasing, too.  Anyhow, if you’re one of those readers from other parts of the world, please add a comment or two from time to time.  It would be fun to get a conversation going.

    Kate and I just took the first two segments of the 55 Alive online driver safety course.  It reminds you that reaction time slows down as you age.   Drinking and driving?  No.  That prescription and non-prescription drugs affect our driving.  Mostly stuff you know, but good reminders so far.  Sobering statistics about driving after age 75, too.  Crashes and fatalities go up considerably with people in those age ranges having the same accident rate of drivers from 16-24 with more deaths.  Gotta factor that into retirement planning.

    The Vikes vs. Cardinals game got moved to the higher ratings slot of Sunday night football.  That means the day time is more free than usual at this point on Sunday.

    I visited Big Brain Comics yesterday and picked up two graphic novels, both, believe it or not, on advice from reviews in the New York Times.  Strike Force is an anti-war novel set in Iraq and LogiComix, very improbably, is a biography of Bertrand Russell and his work on the Principia Mathematica.  Last night Strike Force kept me up past midnight.


  • The Thinker. The Box.

    Samhain                          Waxing Wolf Moon                          Holiseason

    It’s easy to get stuck in the way we approach problems and problem solving.  That famous box we all want to think outside of only illustrates the consensus that most of would not know the box we were in if we saw it.  The web offers several different ways to jar our thinking out of its rut and onto new superhighways.

    In this post I want to point you toward five websites that I’ve come across in the last year that have jarred me out of old patterns and presented new, surprising paradigms.

    Grain

    The new concept for me:  agro-imperialism.

    GRAIN is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems.

    VerticalFarm

    New concept:  just as it seems, vertical farms for urban areas and other sites.

    Bio-Physical Economics

    New concept for me:    ” the vision of the Earth as a thermodynamically closed and nonmaterially growing system, with the human economy as a subsystem of the global ecosystem. This implies that there are limits to biophysical throughput of resources from the ecosystem, through the economic subsystem, and back to the ecosystem as wastes. ”

    Mega-Regions

    Not as new idea for me, but expressed in an up-to-date form, mega-regions notes that various areas of the US are joined by geography and economics into areas larger than states.  This has implications for many of the important policy matters facing us today.

    TED

    Riveting talks by remarkable people, free to the world.   Their tag-line says it.  These are video clips, none more than 15 minutes long by break through thinkers in multiple fields.  They come together at TED conferences and give these speeches, limited to 15 minutes to 6,000 or so fellow innovators.


  • Curiosity

    Fall                                   New Blood Moon

    “Curiosity is one of the most permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous intellect.” – Samuel Johnson

    That may be, but I can tell you from experience that it can also lead one astray.  Since I was old enough to trek off to the library on my own, I’ve followed so many different paths, walked so many ancientrails.  The problem is this.  Each one leads to another one, or, somewhere in the midst of searching for material on liberalism I might find a remark about Greek ideas about justice.  That leads me in thought back to the Greeks, but instead of pursuing Plato I may wander off to the Iliad or perhaps to the  idea of the classics in general which might push me over to Ovid or, aware of the vast chasm between our Western knowledge of the Greek classics and any knowledge of the Asian equivalents I might get shunted off to, say, Confucius or Lao-Tse.  By that time I may recall a tour of Asian art I have on October 16th, feel a slight twinge and decide to  prepare for that.  And, where did all this start again?

    This sort of meandering (I have seen the Meander River which gave rise to the Greek symbol so often seen in decorative arts.) does accrete knowledge.  It’s a slow process and the linkages may not become apparent for years, but I find now that associations, not obvious ones, come more easily.  Perhaps all those ancientrails had secret or frequent intersections that were not apparent the first or even the second or third times I used them.  I’m not sure, but there is a richness to thinking now that I don’t believe I had access to when I was younger.

    Any of you have a similar experience?


  • More on the Humanities

    Fall                             Waxing Blood Moon

    Walked the fence today, checking for limbs, plants I’d missed.  Sure enough, about a third of the way around a large fallen tree branch pressed against the chain link shorting the fence and creating a hissing, popping sound when nudged.  The air smelt of burnt plastic fibers.  A visit with the chain saw fixed that problem.  Later on I tightened up the rope from a place where it had sagged.  After turning the fence off of course and putting Rigel in her crate.

    This fence is a great metaphor, but for what I’ve not yet discerned.

    On a topic close to my heart a professor of English for forty years wrote this essay:  The Decline of the English Department. Mr. Chace places yet another shot across the bow of careerism and the practical major while trying to suss out just what went wrong.  He puts his finger on the fragmentation of the humanities into gender, race, media and technology studies as well as the lack of passion for books and the traditional humanities.  In general I appreciate a man who takes responsibility for the dismal thing that has happened and I like Mr. Chace’s posture in this piece.

    While I would like to blame the victims, too, the politically wracked departments attempting to right ancient wrongs in scant years by creating university departments, I find it lets off the hook the real culprit.  A relentless scanning of the horizon for opportunities to make money without regard to the social or environmental costs lies at the bottom of this debasement of education.

    Crass instrumentalism has invaded every aspect of our lives.   Witness the prosperity gospel.  The growth of the mega-church. The new business orientation of medicine where patients are now consumers and doctors employees.  The rank greed filleted for all to see as the great economic crisis unfolded last fall.  The loose expansion of credit with fine print so dense not even its creators understood it.  Partisan politics make the party a blunt instrument for personal and factional advancement rather than a representative tool for negotiating compromises amongst civilizations conflicting interests.  Professional sports now have contracts in the quarter of a billion dollar range.  Tens of millions are not unusual for catching or throwing a football.  Educators at the elementary and secondary levels now teach to the test, a strategy created to insure that they meet federal standards and that their students pass high stakes tests.

    It is this coarsening of the social fabric, gone from a workmanlike denim for the post World War II economy to a scratchy burlap in this age of the derivative, that has led to a pushing aside of any thing that does not promise economic or political gain.

    This is not new.  A friend of mine has a neighbor in his condominium who was hired to teach philosophy at West Point.  In the time period before he began teaching a widespread cheating scandal unfolded.  The honor code had no clothes.  Leadership at West Point told him, “We can’t believe it, but we just never thought to teach our students ethics.  You have to put together a group of experts and develop a curriculum.”  Ethics is one of those disciplines that you can be taught, that you can know well, and that will have no affect on you at all unless you have the will to apply it.

    It is not enough, in other words, to teach justice and critical thinking and wisdom and equality if there is no social will to honor them.  That social will comes from a shared conversation about our past, about our common destiny and our mutual responsibility.  Instrumental thinking places all the emphasis on results with means receiving attention only as they bend circumstance to the result.  This is a recipe for disaster as any historian, English or philosophy professor can tell you.  It is not new, it is not a new thing under the sun.  Rather it is a lesson learned by Moses when he came down from Mt. Sinai and found even his brother Aaron bowed before the golden calf.

    Judgment came then and it will come now.


  • Estranged

    Fall                                   Waxing Blood Moon

    Tomato picking and compost bin rebuilding, the bulk of the morning.  To keep our young pups from celebrating life by knocking down the straw bales out of which I designed this compost bin a wire fence now encircles the bales, with an other, shorter wire fencing material for a gate.

    The day started chilly, but has warmed up to 69.  It’s one of those fall days when the Andover H.S. Marching Band can be heard carrying pompoms and the thud of padded football players in its wake.  As this sound comes across the fields of vegetables and the cul de sacs between our home the football field, I become at once both younger and older, thrust back to Alexandria High School and Friday night football while by necessity comparing that time with the present.  It’s not an unpleasant feeling, just a bit strange.

    Caught episode 1 of a Harvard class on Justice taught by Michael Sandel.  It’s well worth the time.  Sandel’s teaching style combines the Socratic/law school method of hypotheticals with analysis of responses.  The engagement of the students makes it obvious Sandel is a teacher as well as a philosopher.  I only want to comment on one, striking observation he made about philosophy.  “Philosophy,” he said, “is not about something you don’t know; it is about making you look at what you know from the perspective of a stranger.  Philosophy creates an estrangement from our own experience.”  This is so true, as is his follow-on comment that once you gain this insight you cannot go back to the naive state.

    Every hour of every day I see my self and the world through the lens of philosophical analysis, the lens fitted over an anthropological  camera body.  The two together make the world a strange and exotic experience at every turn.


  • More on Liberalism. Not there yet.

    Lughnasa                              Waxing Harvest Moon

    Another day spent happily with my nose in The Contested Enlightenment, parsing out threads of intellectual history that I can then weave together into a new tale, one that clarifies liberalism in the United States today and, also, the place Unitarian-Universalism, a liberal faith, has in that larger context.

    Liberalism proceeds from three high-powered engines: reason, liberty and individualism.  It is the individual who is central in liberalism in all its forms and liberty creates the protected space around the person that ensures expression of their individuality.  The source of the break away from the old monarchical, aristocratic, traditional and ecclesiastical authority lay in a newly aroused faith in the ability of human reason as the key to truth.  Logic, evidence, skepticism and radical investigation of such matters as revelation, the divine right of kings, the feudal caste structure, and precedent peeled away their nakedness.  They simply did not make sense.

    The enlightenment itself stands for the light of reason casting off the darkness of the ancien regime.   Its roots lay in the new empirical methods of Galileo, Copernicus, Francis Bacon.  These men and their brethren advanced the now commonplace notion that one must gather evidence, data from the world before making a conclusion about scientific fact.  Thus, consulting a theological or scholastic assumption of human priority in the great chain of being and using that conclusion to place the earth in the center of the solar system, indeed, the universe might well be true, but if it is true then data gathered from telescopes and manipulated through mathematical formula should confirm it.   If they don’t, and they didn’t, it is the traditional conclusion that gets shelved among yesterday’s ideas.

    Further back in time even than the emergence of early science and the philosophical work of Descartes and Spinoza, however, was critical work, for liberalism at any rate, by Petrarch and his humanist buddies, the development of a nascent individualism, a notion of the worth of the person and their unique qualities.


  • Ideas.

    Lughnasa                                Waxing Harvest Moon

    Breaking news from the 16th century.  Revolution gets legs from philosophical ideas.  When I grew up in the study of philosophy, the history of ideas was the primary teaching method.  Ideas, this approach claims, grow up in contest with each other, one claiming this and another positing that.  Idealism, like Platonic forms, would find itself ground down by realists or materialists.  Empiricists would find rationalists bugging them at every turn.  The metaphysicians became prey for the logical positivists and linguistic analysts.  From time to time someone would start out on a brand new tangent like Descartes cogito ergo sum, or  Immanuel Kant’s masterly synthesis of empiricist and rationalist approaches.

    It was the first way I learned how to think in an academic sense and a history of ideas approach still comes most naturally to me when I examine big problems, like the roots of liberalism, for example.  Thus, it shocked me a bit to learn, in reading Israel’s Contested Enlightenment tonight that the last few decades have seen the history of ideas bashed in academic circles, especially by those claiming material and social reasons for such historical events the Enlightenment and the Revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries.

    The argument apparently has been made that ideas cannot matter in real history since so few people take an intellectual stake in big ideas at any point.  If they do not appreciate them intellectually, the argument goes, they cannot be affected by them.  This underestimates the

    This thought broken off by another escaped dog.  Rigel broke the truck gate open and escaped.  Frustrating.


  • Thoughts of Your Own

    Lughnasa                                Waning Green Corn Moon

    “To find yourself, think for yourself. ” – Socrates

    Gnothi seauton, written over the door into the temple of Apollo, the home of the Delphic Oracle on Mt. Parnassus, means, Know thyself.  How, you might ask?  Listen to Socrates: to find yourself, think for yourself.  This seems so straightforward, but humanity society pushes more toward thought focused on blending in, getting by.  The need to belong and to have respect is so strong it bends our thoughts, often before we know they have been changed.   We change our values so they conform to the group not because we are weak, but because we are social animals.

    Our life in community cuts against the grain of thinking for ourselves.  This is why so many people have trouble with finding themselves.  We seek out meditation, religious dogma, political ideology, even scientific certainty in place of careful examination of evidence for themselves.   It is, at first, so pleasing to quiet the anxiety by replacing your own thought process with ready mades that we do not realize we have begun to censure ourselves.

    Yet this much is true:  if you have not weighed and considered a matter using your own reason, your own intuitions, your own feelings then you have moved further away from finding yourself.  To do otherwise  is a harsh discipline, often not pleasant, but it has one saving grace: you know who you are.

    As you go through the day today, ask yourself if that thought is your own.  Ask yourself if the value you hold comes from your decision making or the pre-cut cloth of public or group opinion.  Ask yourself if you want to be who you are or who others would shape you to be.


  • It’s A Beautiful World

    Beltane              Waning Flower Moon

    Hilton Head Island, S.C.

    Kate and I went out to the Jazz Corner tonight.  We listened to the Earl Williams Blues Band.  They were excellent musicians.  Earl played New Orleans most of his life and his patter, his stage presence made us laugh, drew us into his songs.

    He happened to meet Kate and me at the door.  He introduced himself, “I’ll be playing the music tonight.”  I asked him what he played and he gave a list of instruments not all of which I recognized.  I knew the saxophone(s), the harmonica, but the occa and others I had not heard.

    Near the end of the first set Earl turned to Kate and me, said, “I’d like to dedicate this next song to Katie and Charlie Ellis.  From Minnesota.  They drove all day just to be here tonight!”  He then gave a credible imitation of Louis Armstrong singing his It’s a Wonderful World.

    We had table for two against the wall, the furthest toward the front.  At one point, engrossed in the music, following it with my heart, a realization popped into mind.

    We were in a setting very similar to Max Beckman’s Blind Man’s Buff.  In that tryptych, which hangs in the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the center panel has a band playing in a cabaret setting.  The side panels have cabaret patrons in various enigmatic poses.

    Beckman said the band in the center are the gods playing.  I imagine them playing the world into existence.  We sat off to one side, in one of the panels.  In that situation the other panel would have people far across the room from us.  We listened to the same music, sat in the same cafe, but we could not communicate.

    The world at the end of World War II had many people in the same cafe, listening to the same music and unable to communicate.